Water

Water is the most fundamental ingredient in skincare, serving as the universal solvent and primary vehicle for dissolving, dispersing, and delivering active ingredients to the skin. Its high polarity and small molecular size enable it to penetrate the upper layers of the epidermis, providing immediate hydration and supporting the skin’s natural moisture balance. In formulations, water acts as a base for creams, lotions, gels, and serums, facilitating the even distribution of humectants, emollients, and actives while enhancing product texture and absorption. It also helps regulate viscosity, stabilize emulsions, and promote the optimal function of other ingredients. As a hypoallergenic, non-comedogenic, and essential component of the skin’s natural moisturizing factor, water is indispensable for maintaining skin health, suppleness, and barrier integrity in all cosmetic and personal care products.